Numeric and symbolic meaning of Ypsilon and numbers 22, 23

1. The previous part of this study has shown that the results produced by the double count of the 4 Annunciation words HYIOS HYPSISTOU, HYIOS THEOU perfectly fitted the values of Shakespeare's epitaph and – separately – the name PENSATOR. Characteristic of both gematric combinations is their divisibility by 11.

What astonishes about the 4 words is that the numerical and factoral results of the 23 count (for the letter Y) are even numbers with interrelating ratios, while the 22 count ends up in the prime number 569. How can this be explained?

2. Answers to two basic questions should be found. First, who is to be considered creator of the gematric results? There is a clear answer to this question: St. Luke would never have thought of counting gematric values according to the Latin alphabet. Therefore we have to attribute any meaningful results to God's infinite faculty of arranging everything "in the background", so to speak.

The second question is: What legitimate reason can there be to count gematric values of Greek words according to the Roman alphabet? There may be two plausible answers:

– The Romans had developed a system of gematric meaning that served the interest of the Roman state and its identity.

– By seizing political power over Greece, the Romans also took over the Greek cultural heritage. Furthermore, Rome became the centre of Christianity, with St. Peter and his successors residing there. So the Greek language, though maintaining its historic significance, became providential part of the Roman gematric system that had reached the rank of divine objectivity and truth, before Christ was born.

3. But if Greek Y was adopted as 22^nd letter of the Latin alphabet, why does the 23-count make better sense than the 22-count? Was its sense destined to be perceived as late as in Shakespeare's days when Y was the 23^rd letter? This providential aspect should not be totally ignored, but it would not give a satisfying answer.

Answers may not be stringently substantiated, but at least approached in various aspects, which will imply going into some detail.

II. Cross and Salvation

1. The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed says about Jesus Christ:

Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de cælis.	who for us men, and for our salvation , came down from heaven,
Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est.	and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man;
Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato; passus, et sepultus est,	he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered, and was buried,
et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas,	and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures,

By becoming man, Jesus Christ connects a) Heaven and Earth, b) Divine and Human nature. His mission is to reconcile the World with God. He does so by sacrificing his life to his Father for the sins of Mankind. There is no Salvation without the Cross. The Cross means hardship and pain, Salvation means harmony between Man and God.

2. The numbers 22 and 23 are the numeric equivalents of Christ's uniting task and double nature. If the two numbers are taken as single digits 2+2 and 2+3, the nearest geometrical model will be the cross itself with its 4 radial lines and 5 points:

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, says the Bible in the Book Genesis. According to the order of the numbers 22 23 the construction of the cross begins with the vertical axis. But against the normal principle of construction the central point is assigned to the horizontal axis. This shows that the creation was performed for the sake of the earth and for the sake of Man, God's image. Accordingly, God's Word descended from heaven to become a human being and to reconcile the World with God by undergoing the CROSS, which, according to the Elizabethan alphabet, has the same numerical value (NV) 70 as IESUS.

3. The main geometrical models are the hexagram with 2 concentric circles and–– the SATOR Square with 2 concentric frames:

The outer concentric area with 2 measures (lines) and 2 points represent Heaven, the inner square Earth with 2 measures and 3 points.

4. The geometrical construction of 2 tetraktys is known as hexagram (HxG) or Star of David. The two intertwined triangles are understood to symbolise the close interrelation between God and his Creation, especially Man:

The shape of Y can be fitted into 3 corners and the centre of the lower triangle:

This shape of Y resembles a human figure with arms spread and legs kept together and can be associated with the crucified Jesus Christ. The three radial lines testify to Christ's teaching of the trinitarian God, whom he represents. His arms and body encompass the universe, so by his death and resurrection he is the originator of a new creation, in which proportions are harmonious.

The sum of the 4 numbers covered by the shape of the Y is 23, the 6 numbers on the arc of the hexagon circle amount to the inversion value 32.

5. The three lines of the letter Y intersect the arc of the hexagon circle and the inner frame of the SATOR Square. In this way they represent the 3*5 components of the hexagon axes. If the centre is counted only once, the total amount of components is 1+(3*4) = 13:

In concordance with the 1+(3*4) = 13 elements, the added values of the 7 letters covered by the Y in the SATOR Square are divisible by 13 and in corresponding multiplication factors:

	SATOR Square					HG	sm.
		N	RRE	SPT
NS	*13	1	3	4	104	23	127
			RRTE	SPN
FS	*29		2	1	87	20	107
							234
234 = 18*13

The factoral values (FV) of the SATOR Square letters and the combined values of the 4 tetraktys numbers add another 10*13 to 18*13.

The three hexagon axes are held together by three sides of the tetraktys consisting of 18 elements. The addition 13+18 leads up to the inversion number 31:

As the centre values N+5 of both figures amount to 18, it might be interesting if there are groups of numerical sums (NS) and factoral sums (FS) which are divisible by 18. In fact, 5 groups can be found for 11 values:

	5 N	E S	1 R	7 10 P	R T
NS	18	23	18	32	36
FS	18	13	18	22	36
*18	2	2	2	3	4	13

The shape of Y can be fitted into the SATOR Square 4 times. It must be remembered that Shakespeare's names WILLIAM (74, 52) SHAKESPEARE (103, 74) sum up to the NS+FS 303, which is the total NS of the SATOR Square. So the four Y in his epitaph may also be motivated by his close relation to it.

III. Ypsilon as a Vessel

a) The two vessels

1. If the two rising arms of the Y are understood as a cup, its inside contains 2+4 more numbers:

2. The meanings of this aspect of Ypsilon are difficult to find out. I will try to weigh them carefully at the end of this investigation.

The additional values turn out surprising results.

b) PATER NOSTER

1. The NS of the 4 letters of the SATOR-cup is 39 = 3*13. The 7+4 letters of the Ypsilon figure make up the total NS 13*(8+3) = 143. This means that the average NV for each of the 11 letters is 13. As there is also an average FV of 11, the FS:NS ratio is 11*(11:13).

These 11 letters can be rearranged to form the words PATER NOSTER – Our Father. It was a major discovery in the twenties of last century that the 25 letters of the SATOR Square can be formed into a cross with the N in the centre and with two words PATER NOSTER arranged vertically and horizontally:

The cross leaves twice the letters A and O, which gave rise to a lot of discussion about the origin of the SATOR Square. Today the opinion prevails that it is pre-Christian.

2. There is a remarkable NS+FS ratio between the 11 letters of PATER NOSTER and the remaining 14 letters:

	NS	FS	sm
11 lts.	143	121	264
14 lts.	160	128	288
264:288= 24*(11:12)

c) MARIA

1. The hexagram Y offers the real surprise: Both the numerical and factoral values coincide with those of MARIA, mother of Jesus Christ:

	M	A	R	I	A	sm
NV	12	1	17	9	1	40
FV Lts.	7	1	17	6	1	32
	8:13=21		24:27=51			72
HxG	5+8		7+10	9	1	40
FV Nrs.	11		14	6	1	32
			31			31
	24			17		41
	24		48			72

The NS+FS 72 is identical with the NV of Greek HYIOS – Son.

The results especially show a 2:3 ratio of letters with regard to the added NS+FS 24:48 = 24*(1:2). The ratio numbers add up to 3 and 5.

The NS+FS ratio of PATER NOSTER and MARIA is 24*(11:3) = 336. The average value for each of the 16 letters is 21.

The number 336 is the NS+FS of the numbers 1-19: 190+146. It's also the FS of the Roman Trias Capitolina IUPPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS, IUNO REGINA, MINERVA. The NV for IUPPITER is 109, which can be understood to be composed of 10+9.

The number 336 is also a combined sum of the inversion numbers (12+102)+(21+201) = 6*(19+37). One third of 336 is 112, the NV of CHRISTUS. Any other inversion numbers added according to the given pattern provide a sum divisible by 112.

2. The numbers 8+9 of the cup's inner space give an explanation for the consonants M and R: The letter R corresponds to the NV 8+9 = 17, the letter M to their FV 6+6 = 12. The equivalent of the difference 17-12 = 5 is the letter E. The letters ME may have special meaning in the Epitaph's Y-words.

The NV of 17and 12 are 17+7 = 24. The total sum is 53, which repeats the ratio numbers 3 and 5 from above.

3. MARIA proves to be God's perfect creation of his Cosmic Order.

d) Synopsis

1. The names PATER NOSTER and MARIA suggest that the contents of the two cups refer to IESUS, God's and Maria's son. Their NS is 143+40+70 = 253 = 11*23. 253 is the sum of the number 1-22. Here the relatioship of the numbers 22 and 23 becomes evident.

The corresponding FS is 121+32+36 = 189 = 9*21, which means an average value of 9 for each of the 21 letters.

2. The relation between PATER NOSTER and MARIA becomes evident, if the FV of the NS and FS are added:

	NS	FS	FV1	FV2
PN	143	121	24	22	310
MR	40	32	11	10	93
					403
310:93 = 31(10:3) = 3113

3. God's and Mary's son takes his identity from both, which is represented by the content numbers of the cups. Their values are:

	NS	FS	sm
HxG	17	12	29
SQ	39	34	73
	56	46	102

The NS+FS 102 is the same as the NS of YPSILON and PENSATOR, the eternal judge. In fact, the Christian Creed says about Jesus Christ:

Et iterum venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos.

And he will come again to judge the living and the dead.

4. If God and Mary are represented by the figure of YPSILON, then their son Jesus is symbolically the YPSILON as well. The values of the cups and of the Greek word HYIOS – Son relate proportionally to each other:

	NS	FS	sm
HXG+ SQ (22)	56	46	102
HYIOS (23)	72	66	138
	128	112	240
112:128 = 16*(7:8)

The two compared values are composed of the NS+FS of the numbers 1-7, 1-9, 1-10:

	NS	FS	sm
1-7	28	27	55
1-9	45	39	84
1-10	55	46	101
	128	112	240

5. The NS+FS of PENSATOR and YPSILON are divisible by 11, if Y is counted 23 and 22. The 22-count 11 less:

	NS	FS	sm		NS	FS	sm
PENS	102	80		PENS	102	80	182
YPS (23)	103	78	181	YPS (22)	102	68	170
	205	158	363		204	148	352
363:352 = 11*(35:36)

Both counts of the Y add up to 351 = 27*13, which is the sum of the numbers 1-26. The ratio 182: 351 is 13*(14:27).

6. If the NS and FS of both Y-figures are added separately, the results are:

	NS	FS	sm
HXG	143	121
SQ	40	32
	183	153	336
153:183=3*(51:61)

In the context of the SATOR Square the numbers 51 and 61 are the NV of ROTA TENET – The Wheel Holds. A later point of this page may show if there is any relevant meaning in this sentence.

e) MARIA and the numbers 22, 23

The name MARIA and the numbers 22 + 23 have the same ratio of their FS and NS:

	NS	FS	sm
22+23	45	36	81	9*(5:4)
MARIA	40	32	72	8*(5:4)
	85	68	153
68:85=17*(4:5)

The internal ratio is 4:1. If the two ratios are related to the two concentric circles of the Hexagram, the area ratio is 1:3.

MARIA fills the 8 lines of the double rhombus:

IV. The sums of neighbouring even and uneven numbers

1. A number is also defined by the sum (sm) achieved by adding up all numbers from 1 up to that number, e.g. from 1-22. The formula is

sm = x/2*(x+1)

In the case of an even (E) and the following uneven (UE) number, half the even number is multiplied with the uneven number:

smE = E/2*UE

smUE = (E+2)/2*UE

With regard to 22 and 23 the two products are 11*23 and 12*23.

2. The two multiplications show that an even number has a disposition to belong to the following uneven number.

The combined NS+FS of the two numbers are:

	NS	FS	sm
22	253	188	431
23	276	201	477
	529	389	918	9*102

The total result divided by 9 is 102 and so identical with the NV of YPSILON and PENSATOR. It strongly refers to a numbered double rhombus (DR) that is folded at its two ends to be shaped to an octahedron with a second DR:

In its unconverted state the remaining 6 middle elements run up to the number 23. The number 22 refers to twice 11 elements for one rhombus.

3. The tetraktys and the double rhombus are part of the one geometrical figure of the hexagram. There is a rich interrelation between the two so that most referable numbers have a place in both figures. The FS 389, which is a prime number, can mean the numbered frames of 3 DR so that the sum of elements is 3*17 = 51, or three fish-like figures in a tetraktys:

As there are two tetraktys, the total number of elements is 102. The same applies to the 3 DR with two equal figures seen from each end:

V. The Son of God and the number 11

1. The New Testament gives two definitions about Jesus Christ:

In his epistle to the Colossians St. Paul says: He is the image of the invisible God (1,15).

The second definition may cause some difficulty. According to the Creed the Almighty Father is the Creator of Heaven and Earth (factorem caeli et terrae), but it also says that everything was created through him (per quem omnia facta sunt).

The last statement is derived from the pologue of St. John's gospel. He says:

Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.

How can Jesus Christ, according to these definitions, be represented by Number and Geometry?

2. The circle seems to be the right model. If the arc of a circle is divided into exactly two halves, the second half can be understood as the mirror image of the first. If the two dividing counterpoints are numbered, two possible concepts can be applied: If the two halves of the arcs are seen as measures, the first measure is completed, when the second point is arrived. Therefore the first point is numbered 0, the second 1. However, if the the aspect of measure is neglected and the number of points is concerned, the first point is numbered 1, the second 2:

3. According to this concept, the Second Divine Person completes the second half of what the First Divine Person has started.

The number of the "Almighty Father" so is 1, of Jesus Christ 10. The sum 11 shows two neighbouring numbers 1 to denote the same nature and image of Father and Son. At the same time two numbers 1 also imply the Second Person himself as necessarily connected with the First.

The same principle applies to the numbers 12 and 21, which include the Third Person as well.

4. If the Second Person closes the circle, he can be associated with ROTA – Wheel himself. So the above sentence ROTA TENET – The Wheel keeps (the order of the universe going) can be applied to Jesus Christ.

5. The NS+FS of the two numberings achieve the following results:

01			12			total
NS	FS	sm	NS	FS	sm	NS	FS
01	1	2	12	7	19	13	8	21
10	7	17	21	10	31	31	17	48
11	8	19	33	17	50	44	25	69

Possibly the SATOR Square is modelled on these numbers, with 8 different (NS 102) and 17 remaining letters (NS 201), and the NV 69 of SATOR.

By a remarkable coincidence, the FV of HOMO – Man is 31, the NV 48. The values 31 and 17 of the table represent an external relation (31+17 = 48), in the case of HOMO it is internal (31+17 = 48).

6. The inversion numbers 01 and 10 are also to be found in the relation between the numbers 22 and 23. The numeric value proceeds by 1, the factoral value from 13 to 23 by 10. Salvation is so a cooperative task of Father and Son.

VI. The Number 569

1. The NS+FS of the 4 Annunciation words HYIOS HYPSISTOU, HYIOS THEOU is according to the 22-count of Y 351+218 = 569, which is a prime number. The number has to be read as single digits (5+6)+9, which refer to the elements of a cross.

2. The diameter of a circle is composed of two radial measures or lines with a common centre point. It consists of 5 elements. One radial measure is delimited by the centre point and an arc point, so it consists of 3 elements. In this way a double aspect arises from 5 diametrical elements and 2*3 = 6 radial elements:

3. A cross of two axes should consist of 2*5 = 10 elements. But with only one centre point it's just 9 elements. To compensate the deficient element, a second cross must be imagined with 5 diametrical and 6 radial elements so that the total sum of elements is 2*10 = 20:

4. The deficient element of the first cross can be interpreted as the defect in human nature contracted by the disobedience of the first couple in paradise. Jesus Christ sacrifices his life on the cross in compensation for the sins of mankind so that through him a new communion between man and God is established.

The numbers 5 and 6 can be regarded as centres of 9 and 11 points on a linear scale in order to delimit 8 and 10 measures:

These two models may also account for the significance of the number 18.

5. If the diametrical elements are to be numbered, 1 is assigned to the centre, 2 to the arc points and 3 to the connecting lines. The numbered sum of the diametrical elements is 11 and the radial elements 12:

A numbered cross of axes with 1 centre adds up to the sum 21, which must be compensated by another cross with the sums 11+12 so that 21+23 amount to an average sum of 22 for each of the two crosses.

If the fullness of theological meaning lies in the combination of the two double counts, the addition is (5+6)+(11+12) = 11+23 = 34, which multiplied by 3 in the case of the three axes of the hexagon totals 102.

Written: February 2009

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